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#LOOPCAD LOAD VS PEAK FULL#

There are numerous ways of monitoring system load average including uptime which shows how long the system has been running, number of users together with load averages: $ uptimeĠ7:13:53 up 8 days, 19 min, 1 user, load average: 1.98, 2.15, 2.21ĭisplay Running Linux Processes top - 12:51:42 up 2:11, 1 user, load average: 1.22, 1.12, 1.26 But this is not the case with Linux, it includes processes in uninterruptible sleep states those waiting for other system resources like disk I/O etc.

Nearly all Unix-like systems count only processes in the running or waiting states.

A downright idle Linux system may have a load average of zero, excluding the idle process.

All if not most systems powered by Linux or other Unix-like systems will possibly show the load average values somewhere for a user.

In Linux, the load-average is technically believed to be a running average of processes in it’s (kernel) execution queue tagged as running or uninterruptible.

Load average – is the average system load calculated over a given period of time of 1, 5 and 15 minutes.

System load/CPU Load – is a measurement of CPU over or under-utilization in a Linux system the number of processes which are being executed by the CPU or in waiting state.

Restoring the power supply after an incident of this magnitude could take hours – if not days – to accomplish.In this article, we will explain one of the critical Linux system administration tasks – performance monitoring in regards to system/CPU load and load averages.īefore we move any further, let’s understand these two important phrases in all Unix-like systems: Load shedding is a last resort to prevent a major low frequency incident from shutting down large sections of the national network. If the frequency drops too low, some consumers may be deliberately cut off in order to maintain the balance between demand and supply. Such oscillations can damage electronic devices and cause fluctuations which are most noticeable in electronic timing equipment, causing them to operate either slower or more quickly. Conversely, if supply exceeds demand, the frequency will rise above 50Hz. If demand exceeds supply there is an excessive “drain” on the electricity available, which causes the frequency to drop below 50Hz.

The electricity network in South Africa is controlled to a frequency of 50Hz. South Africa’s peaking power stations are hydroelectric, hydro pumped storage and gas turbine stations. Peaking power stations can react quickly to changes in demand and provide power to supplement that generated by base load stations. In summer, air conditioning has the same effect. In winter, record evening peaks occur with the increased use of domestic heating appliances. The morning peak is a combination of industrial and domestic demand whereas the evening peak is mainly domestic. In South Africa, peak demand periods occur in the early mornings and early evenings. Peak load indicates the additional demand placed on the system over and above the normal base load requirements. The country’s abundant and relatively cheap low-grade coal makes coal-fired power stations an attractive base load choice. South Africa’s inconsistent rainfall and limited water resources preclude the use of hydro-power stations for base load needs. Base load power can also be supplied by nuclear power stations and, in countries with abundant water resources, hydro power stations. Base load power stations are generally only shut-down for scheduled maintenance or emergency repairs. In addition, starting up these power station units requires large quantities of expensive fuel oil.

#LOOPCAD LOAD VS PEAK FULL#

They require a minimum period of 8 hours from cold start-up to full load. Two main categories of power stations can be identified: base load stations which supply electricity around the clock and peak load stations which can react swiftly to sudden increases or decreases in demand.Įskom’s National Control Centre draws on these different types of power stations to provide a balance between supply and demand.īase load power stations, largely coal-fired in South Africa, are designed to operate continuously at a steady load. Due to the fact that electricity demand is not constant, different types of power stations are required to meet this fluctuating demand. It is important that the amount of electricity needed at any point in time should be matched by the amount generated. Electricity cannot be stored, and must therefore be used as it is generated.